Human milk R&D

AQUERO COMPANY

Human milk R&D

We began this project in 2016-2017 as a collaboration with a friend. More recently we have been patenting some of the work on behalf of some small companies. This work is covered under confidentiality.

We have developed both liquid and lyophilized powdered products for feeding infants, including both full-term and premies. We also offer a nutraceutical product in capsule form to the public at www.Trulacta.com, and at Amazon and other sites, where more of the publicly available information can also be found.

As summarized below, human milk contains 10's of thousands of beneficial components, which if you think about it stands to reason since breast milk is all that a helpless newborn, with not a single organ system fully operational, needs for healthy growth and development into a fully functional toddler and beyond. It turns out that a number of these compounds are beneficial to adults as well, with numerous marvelous reports accumulating of remarkable results upon use of the product. Some of these include alleviation of the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome, even Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, plus lots of other benefits for example improved sleep, treatment of skin conditions, immune boosting, weight management, not to mention better erectile function (not dysfunction).

Although this subject of human milk may seem far afield compared to our other work, the emphasis again is on working with the water content of a fluid, figuring out the components, and optimizing the composition of the fluid and its derivatives.

Meanwhile, here is some information about human milk, including a general summary and a table of molecular and cellular components and their functions.

Human milk products: Nature's Premier Materials for Healthy and Stronger Bodies

Aquero's human milk products are arguably foremost among natural health supplements. They contain pure, human breast milk, freshly expressed, freshly preserved, and certified-safe from participant mothers whose milk has been screened regarding microbial and other contaminants.

Human breast milk is a marvelous natural product having an astonishing array of beneficial properties. As stated above, there are literally 10's of thousands of health-promoting components of human milk. Here is a compilation of many of these, their functions, along with citations of some of the professional literature about them.

Breast milk promotes growth and development of strong bodies, and not just of babies. It contributes to healthy and trouble-free digestion, including suppression of irritable bowel diseases. But there is so much more as well. Just to cite a few examples: human milk components have been reported to boost immunity, suppress and kill cancer cells, act as both antimicrobial and antiviral agents, promote sleep, suppress anxiety, and to both sooth and prevent skin irritations such as rashes, insect bites, and eczema.

This makes sense when we consider the remarkable and wholly beneficial array of components of human milk. These include valuable proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, lactose, and specialized oligosaccharides, as well as other useful compounds, and all of these combine in their health effects. Many of the components are effective even if present in very small amounts.

Among the proteins are those that provide minerals and nutrition, as well as several immunoglobulins and enzymes that fight microbes and viruses. There are even complex neuro-chemicals that contribute to brain function and neuronal repair, as well as a multitude of reactions of cellular membranes.

As with any nutritional supplement, people having adverse reactions with dairy or other types of food should exercise normal caution when consuming human milk products.

Benefits and Components of Milk: Regarding milk and human milk in particular, many benefits and uses of freeze-dried whole milk and milk components as referenced in part above have been documented over the years, as shown in Table 1. The number of individual beneficial molecules and components of milk including human milk is estimated to range well into the thousands (Reinhardt et al., 2013; Ballard and Morrow, 2013). A selection of the many molecular and cellular components of human milk that underlie its benefits and uses is shown in Table 2. Some of the benefits of lactation to the mothers are shown in Table 3.

Table 1. Some Benefits and Uses of Milk
Milk Type	Benefits	References

Human	maintains pleasant taste and odor preserves components preserves pleasing white, cream color	Many, starting with McIntyre, 1894; Suranyl et al. 1960; Ogden, 1967; El-Shafei et al., 1988 a, b; Lozano, et al., 2014; Cavazos-Garduno et al., 2016
	freezing may kill microbes, promote sterilization	proposed by McIntyre, 1894
	ease of reconstitution reconstitution to desired dilution (solids)	Ogden, 1967
	unnecessary to keep frozen after lyophilization	Cortez and Soria, 2016
	extended shelf life at room temperature, improved preservation of components versus freezing at -20 or -80 C, preserves bacteriocidal activity ease of transportation	Salcedo et al., 2015 a, 2015 b
	Lowers infant risk of multiple diseases from earaches to sudden infant death	Eidelman and Schanler, 2012
	treats insect bites, stings treats poison ivy, oak irritations treats burns, sunburn treats skin conditions (rashes, eczema, acne)	Farahani et al. 2013; Gozen et al., 2014 Arnold, 1994; Lamireau, 2015
	extended shelf life at room temperature, improved preservation of components versus freezing at -20 or -80 C, preserves bacteriocidal activity ease of transportation	Salcedo et al., 2015 a, 2015 b
	promotes wound healing, tissue regeneration	Dalli et al. 2014; Newmark, 2017

	promotes bone density	Feskanich et al., 2017

	promotes healthy gut flora	van Wettere, 2016; Gomez-Gallego et al., 2013; Guerin et al., 2017, 2018
	protects against intestinal infection	Morrow et al., 2004; Newburg et al. 2004; Liu and Newburg, 2013; Yu et al., 2016; also see O'Connor et al., 2018
	promotes intestinal maturation	C. Gomez-Gallego et al., 2013
	inhibits harmful microbial growth	Honour and Dolby, 1979; Kunz et al., 2000; Bode and Jantscher-Krenn, 2012; Lin et al., 2017
	inhibits bladder infections	Lin et al., 2014
	antiviral activity	Iskarpatyoti et al., 2012; Bode et al., 2012
	promotes retinal and macular health	Gopinath et al., 2014; Bharwani, et al., 2016
	protects against food allergies	Castillo-Courtade et al., 2015

	promotes brain development, improves infant memory	McJarrow et al., 2009; Ryan et al., 2013; Berg et al., 2017; Cheatham and Sheppard, 2015
	promotes chromosomal health, increased telomere length, increased cellular longevity	Wojcicki et al., 2016
	promotes sleep, anti-anxiety	dela Pena et al., 2015, Kitano et al., 2014


Bovine	antiaging effects antioxidants immune protection stimulates stem cells treats insomnia stimulates bone formation promotes wound healing antimicrobial activity supports skin repair	Kumaran, 2015 - 2018; Mehra et al., 2006; Christiansen, 2010; Oliveira et al., 2015; Reinhardt et al., 2013
Camelid	wound healing adjuvant, suppresses diabetes	Agrawal et al., 2007, 2011; Abdel-Salam, 2014; Ebaid et al., 2015; Shori, 2015; Shareha et al., 2016
Caprine	digestive tract health, low allergenicity compared to bovine milk, inhibits angiotensin - lowers blood pressure	Oliveira et al., 2015; Clark and Garcia, 2017; Balthazar et al., 2017; Tagliazucchi et al., 2018
Equine	promotes beneficial intestinal flora controls eczema controls psoriasis reduces colitis hypoallergenic vs bovine milk stimulates the immune system supplement in cancer therapy	Koch, 2002 - 2017; Kuklinski et al., 2011; Vincenzetti et al., 2011; Salimei and Fantuz, 2012
Marsupial	enhanced antimicrobial activity	Peel et al., 2016

Table 2. Some Beneficial Components of Human Milk
Component	Examples of functions	Representative References
amino acids	building blocks of proteins	Darragh and Moughan, 1998; Ballard and Morrow, 2013; also as taught in general biochemical textbooks
antibodies	immunity	As taught in general biochemical textbooks
adiponectin	regulates metabolism	Woo et al., 2012, Andreas et al. 2014, Anderson et al., 2015
alpha-lactalbumin	targets infected (tumor) cells for removal	Svensson et al., 2002
antioxidants	Neutralize free radicals, protect versus cellular degradation	Friel et al., 2008; Grazyna et al., 2016
casein	protein feedstock, calcium and phosphorus supply	Martin et al., 2016
cathelicidins (peptides)	antimicrobial	Oftedal, 2013; Peel et al., 2016
choline	Promotes memory with DHA and lutein in infants	Cheatam and Sheppard, 2015
cytokines (proteins)	wound healing, cell migration, cell adhesion	Garofalo, 2010; Yoneme et al., 2015
docosahexanoic acid (DHA) plus antioxidants	suppresses retinopathy (retinal detachment)	Bharwani et al., 2016
extracellular vesicles	regulate cell growth, control inflammation	van Herwijnen et al., 2016
fats (fatty acids, lipids)	components of all cells, structural	Ballard and Morrow, 2013; also as taught in general biochemical textbooks
gangliosides (ceramides)	Brain development, antimicrobial activity	Wang et al., 2003; Rueda, 2007; McJarrow et al., 2009; Iwamori et al., 2008; Gurnida et al., 2012
growth factors	development, regeneration, healing	Nagashima et al., 1990; Khailova et al., 2009; Fichter et al., 2011; Patki et al., 2012; Ballard and Morrow, 2013; Asena et al., 2016.
glucocorticoid (cortisol)	regulates metabolism, growth	Hahn-Holbrook et al., 2016
glycolipids	inhibit pathogens, modulate immunity, provide nutrition	Newburg, 2013
glycoproteins	protect against pathogens	Liu and Newburg, 2013
immunoglobulins	immunity	Goldman, 1993; Ballard and Morrow, 2013
lactose	energy supply, nutrition, upregulates immunity	Cederlund et al., 2013
lactoferrin	antimicrobial, immunity	Adamkin and Kerner, 2012
lactoperoxidase	promotes digestive tract development, controls microbes	Al-Sheri et al., 2015
leptin	regulates energy metabolism, controls hunger	Salimei and Fantuz, 2012 Savino et al., 2016
lipoproteins (sulfido-conjugates)	regeneration, healing	Serhan et al., 2011; Weiss et al., 213.
lutein	brain and eye development	Costa et al., 2015; Lieblein-Boff et al., 2015 Thoene et al., 2019
lymphocytes	immunity	Jarvinen and Suomalainen, 2002; Cabinian et al., 2016; Baban et al., 2018
lysozyme	suppresses microbial pathogens	Minami et al., 2016
melatonin	promotes sleep, reduces colic	Cohen Engler et al., 2012
milk peptides	over 300 known, antimicrobial, immune response	Friel and Apollinaire, 2013; Dallas et al., 2013, 2014
milk fat globules	nutrition, immunity	Cavaletto et al., 2008
micronutrients	enzyme cofactors	Ballard and Morrow, 2014
micro RNA's	immunity and healthy development	Alsaweed et al., 2016
oligosaccharides (milk carbohydrates)	over 150 known, immune response, antimicrobial effects, suppress lactose intolerance	Bode et al., 2012, 2016; Iskarpatyoti et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2012, 2016; Baynham et al., 2013; Farahani et al., 2013; Savaiano et al., 2013; Castillo-Courtade et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2017; Miliku et al., 2018
osteopontin	immunity, digestive development, brain development	Jiang and Lonnerdal, 2016
phospholipids	improve cognition, dampen stress	Boyle et al., 2019
polyamines	maturation of the digestive tract	Loser, 2000; Larque et al., 2007; C. Gomez-Gallego et al., 2013.
prolactin	lactation by mother, intestinal function of infant	Yuan, 1988
proteins (up to 3000 individual proteins identified)	major component of all cells, catalysis, structural elements, movement, membrane transport, wound healing, immune response, antimicrobial effects, many others	Hylmo et al., 1984; Picariello et. al., 2012; Molinari et al., 2012; Ballard and Morrow, 2013; Reinhardt et al., 2013; Altomare et al., 2016; Guerin et al., 2017, 2018; general biochemical textbooks.
serotonin (a nitrogen base)	regulates mood, social behavior, appetite, digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual function	Chiba et al., 2017
sialic acid	brain development, immunity	Rohrig et al., 2017
sphingolipids	bacteriostatic, anticancer, lower cholesterol	Potocki, 2016
stem cells	development, repair, replacement of multiple cellular types and organs	Patki et al., 2010; Hassiotou et al., 2012, 2013
sugars	major component of all cells, energy metabolism	Ballard and Morrow, 2013; also as taught in general biochemical textbooks.
vitamins	enzyme cofactors, essential to metabolic pathways	Ballard and Morrow, 2013; also as taught in general biochemical textbooks.

Table 3. Some breastfeeding benefits to mothers:

lowers risk of breast cancer

lowers risk of ovarian cancer

lowers risk of uterine cancer

lowers risk of Alzheimer's

lowers risk of osteoporosis

lowers risk of diabetes

lowers risk of stroke later in life

lessens multiple sclerosis relapses

lowers risk of early menopause

boosts the immune system

enhances infant bonding

suppresses ovulation

note: pre-pregnancy health is regarded as significant to these benefits

Aragon et al., 2014; Xiong et al., 2018; Garner et al., 2019

Hempsey, 2015;

Farahani et al. 2013;

Gozen et al., 2014;

Hellwig et al., 2015;

Gunderson et al., 2018;

Jacobson et al., 2018

Langton et al., 2020

Velle-Forbord et al., 2019

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